Introduction Pazopanib is an dental vascular endothelial growth element receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor. reduced to 600 mg daily. In arm A of 9 evaluable individuals there was 1(11%) patient having a PSA response 3 (33%) with stable PSA and 5 (56%) with PSA progression; in arm B of 12 evaluable individuals: there were 2 (17%) individuals with PSA reactions 6 (50%) with stable PSA and 4 (33%) with PSA progression. Median PFS (95%CI) was related in both arms at 7.3 months (2.5 mo-not reached). Long term SD was seen in 4 individuals who remained on treatment for 18 (Arm A) 26 (Arm A) 35 (Arm B) and 52 (Arm B) weeks. Conclusions With this unselected patient human population pazopanib either only PHCCC or in combination with bicalutamide failed to display sufficient activity to warrant further evaluation. However four individuals did experienced long-term benefit suggesting that focusing on VEGFR pathway may still be relevant in selected individuals emphasizing the need for improved predictive markers for individuals with CRPC. Intro Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and second leading cause of cancer related death among males in North America. In the US in 2013 approximately 238 590 individuals will become diagnosed and 29 720 will PHCCC pass away of this disease [1]. Although main androgen deprivation therapy is effective in treating individuals with recurrent or metastatic prostate malignancy development of castration resistant prostate malignancy (CRPC) remains inevitable. Initial treatment of CRPC entails secondary hormonal manipulations with the help of an oral non-steroidal anti-androgen such as bicalutamide. Although well PHCCC tolerated bicalutamide has a PSA response rate of only PHCCC 20% and a limited duration of benefit underscoring the need for fresh treatment methods [2-4]. Angiogenesis mediated from the vascular endothelial growth element receptor pathway (VEGFR) may be a good target in prostate malignancy because it has been implicated in both the development and progression of the disease [5 6 In three studies in prostate malignancy tumor tissue improved microvessel denseness a surrogate marker for angiogenesis offers been shown to correlate with both disease progression and decreased survival [6-8]. Endothelial cells and prostate malignancy cells from radical prostatectomy specimens communicate VEGFR suggesting VEGFR signaling may promote both angiogenesis and direct tumor cell proliferation [5]. Studies have shown that median levels of plasma VEGF are significantly higher in individuals with metastatic disease compared to those with localized prostate malignancy [9] and that elevated plasma and urine levels of VEGF may be self-employed negative prognostic signals [10 11 These findings suggest that inhibiting the VEGFR pathway might be an effective approach in prostate malignancy. Initial clinical tests of angiogenesis inhibitors in prostate malignancy have shown limited activity PHCCC and no improvement in overall survival [12]. More recent studies have focused on combining angiogenesis inhibitors with hormonal therapy or chemotherapy centered mainly on preclinical studies showing that angiogenesis inhibitors may restore level of sensitivity to these providers [13-19]. Pazopanib is definitely a novel small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that focuses on vascular endothelial growth element receptor (VEGFR) platelet-derived growth element receptor (PDGFR) and c-kit. Pazopanib is currently approved for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma and for advanced soft-tissue sarcoma previously treated with prior therapy. The goal of this open label randomized phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy Rabbit Polyclonal to TIE2 (phospho-Tyr992). and tolerability of pazopanib only and in combination with bicalutamide in individuals with chemotherapy-na?ve CRPC. Individuals and Methods Eligible individuals were ≥ 18 experienced an ECOG overall performance status of 0-2 a life expectancy > 3 mos adequate organ function and confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma. At study entry all individuals must have experienced radiological paperwork of either measurable or non-measurable disease as defined from the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.0). PSA had to be ≥ 5 ng/mL with evidence of progression (defined as ≥ 2 consecutive increases in PSA at least 1 week apart) despite castrate testosterone levels (<50ng/mL). Patients must have been treated and taken care of with medical (GnRH agonist) castration or undergone orchiectomy. Anti-androgens (flutamide nilutamide or cyproterone acetate) were permitted but had to be.