Background Double cancer is usually thought as the co-existence of two pathologically distinctive cancers. Thirty several weeks after the surgical procedure, Troglitazone inhibitor database a diffuse huge B-cell-type lymphoma was uncovered. In both situations, high antiviral capsid antigen IgG antibody titers had been noticed. Conclusion Epstein-Barr virus could be linked to the incidence of multiple cancers provided the pathological proof from our two dual cancer cases. solid class=”kwd-title” KEY TERM: Double malignancy, Lung adenocarcinoma, Diffuse huge B-cell-type lymphoma, Epstein-Barr virus infections Introduction Lung malignancy after treatment for malignant lymphoma provides been previously reported [1, 2]. Nevertheless, there are few reviews of lung malignancy ahead of complicating malignant lymphoma or their coincidence. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was uncovered in 1964 when Epstein and Barr isolated the virus from Burkitt’s lymphoma. A microRNA research has since discovered EBV infections in other styles of lymphoma [3]. At the moment, nevertheless, there is absolutely no definitive proof EBV playing a causative function in lung cancers [4]. This survey describes two situations where EBV was within primary lung cancer complicated by a malignant lymphoma. Written consent for the publication of the two cases was provided by the patients. This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki on Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. Case Presentation Case 1 A 71-year-old woman who was treated at our hospital for chronic hepatitis C, hemoptysis due to bronchiectasis, and nontuberculous mycobacteria contamination consulted us about a new symptom of swelling of the left cervical lymph node (CLN). She experienced received interferon therapy for hepatitis C at our hospital, and she was a nonsmoker. A whole-body Troglitazone inhibitor database examination was performed immediately. Needle biopsy of the CLN revealed a diffuse large B-cell-type lymphoma (DLBCL), and transbronchial biopsy (TBB) with a bronchofiberscope revealed main lung cancer (fig. ?fig.11). Pathological examination confirmed stage IV adenocarcinoma (cT1bN2M1b). Immunofluorescence assay revealed that EB antiviral capsid antigen (VCA)-IgG Rabbit Polyclonal to MC5R titer was high (40 times; standard value: 10 occasions), while EB VCA-IgM titer was normal (10 times; standard value: 10 occasions), Troglitazone inhibitor database indicating a previously acquired nonacute contamination with EBV. Open in a separate window Fig. 1 Pathological and imaging findings in case 1. a TBB specimen from the right lung tumor (HE stain). Pathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma. b TBB specimen from the right lung tumor. Immunohistochemical stain for thyroid transcription factor-1 was positive, indicating adenocarcinoma. c HE stain of biopsy specimen from the left CLN. Pathological diagnosis was diffuse DLBCL. Large atypical lymphocytes diffusely proliferated. Large nuclei have a coarse nucleoreticulum that includes several small nucleoli. Mitosis is usually occasionally apparent. d Fusion image of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography shows high accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose in S3 of the right lung and a bone metastatic lesion in the vertebral body. Maximum standard uptake value of the lesion in the right apex of the lung was 4.68 in the early phase and 5.61 in the delayed phase. From the standpoint of prognosis, treatment for lung cancer was prioritized and paclitaxel and bevacizumab with carboplatin were started. However, after the first course of systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy, the regimen was changed to erlotinib because of delayed nadir and recovery, and the patient was discharged. Case 2 A 62-year-old man underwent resection of a stage IB lung adenocarcinoma (pT2aN0M0) of the right upper lobe (fig. ?fig.22). The disease was complicated by hypothyroidism. He was a current smoker (40 cigarettes per day 30 years). Immediately after surgery, the patient was started on tegafur/uracil against brain metastasis, but this was stopped due to a decline in liver function. Thirty weeks after the surgery, the patient presented with convulsions due to brain metastasis. At this time, his right neck was noted to be swollen and DLBCL was confirmed. Similarly to case 1, EB VCA-IgG titer was high (320 occasions), while EB VCA-IgM titer was normal. This, again, indicated a previously acquired nonacute contamination with EBV. Gamma knife radiosurgery was performed to resect the brain metastatic lesion, and the convulsions were controlled with four courses of systemic chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin. Open in a separate window Fig. 2 Pathological and imaging findings in case 2. a Surgically resected specimen from the right upper lobe shows duct-like structures. The pathological diagnosis was low-grade adenocarcinoma. Preoperative chest X-ray shows a lung tumor in the right upper lung.