Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary Physique 1: Normal morphology of the gonads of adult mice. the development of the olfactory system. Our results provide the first experimental evidence for a specific role of in the conservation of the olfactory system in adult mice rather than its development at the embryo stage. Most importantly, our studies provide further evidence for a possible role of as molecular link between emotions, immunity and sense of smell. Materials and methods Mice 0.05 and all data are presented as mean SEM as previously described (Dawson et al., 2005; Fleming et al., 2008). For the habituation/dishabituation test, One-Way repeated measured ANOVA within each group was used to compare the time that subjects spent investigating the stimulus upon the different exposure. All data are presented as mean SEM. The total number of GnRH neurons/head was quantified as previously described (Cariboni et al., 2011). To compare the abundance of OMP+-neurons we measured the pixel intensity of OMP staining in 20-m coronal sections through the OB of 3 mice for each genotype, by using ImageJ software (NIH). To compare the area of glomeruli, we measured the area of each glomerulus in 20-m coronal sections through the OB of adult mice for each genotype, at the same anatomical level, by using ImageJ software. To compare the OE thickness, we measured the thickness of OE in 10-m sagittal sections through lorcaserin HCl inhibition the nasal region for each genotype, at the same anatomical level, by Rabbit Polyclonal to OR51H1 using ImageJ software. lorcaserin HCl inhibition To determine statistical significance, we used the unpaired 0.001) in the = 5 mice and representative on = 4 experiments with similar results. *** 0.005 vs. C57BL/6 control mice. The graph in (B) shows the time expressed in seconds spent sniffing the stimuli (water, almond, banana, and interpersonal odor). The numbers around the x-axes (1, 2, and 3) indicate the order of the repetitive exposure i.e., 1st, 2nd, and 3rd. Values are mean SEM obtained from a single experiment with = 5 mice and representative on = 3 experiments with similar results. * 0.05; ** 0.01 vs. the 1st exposure. The left top and bottom pictures show a schematic representation of the buried cookie test (top) and the habituation/cross-habituation test (bottom) described in details Materials and Methods Section. To further assess the olfactory function of = 0.76). Consistent with this, the size of the gonads in 7 week-old mice showed no gross difference between wild-type and = 4C6 mice of each genotypes. Scale bars: 150 m (A,D); 100 m (B,C,E,F). Histological analysis of the olfactory bulbs of newborn lorcaserin HCl inhibition = 3 mice of each genotypes. Scale bars: 1 mm (A,B); 100 m (C,D). Impaired olfactory system in adult 0.01; = 3) reduction of about 50% of the pixel intensity in = 0.72; Area expressed as square mm). Open in a separate window Physique 4 Impaired tissue structure of the olfactory system of adult = 3 mice of each genotypes. Scale bars: 1 mm (A,B); 100 m lorcaserin HCl inhibition (C,E). On the opposite site of the glomeruli, olfactory neurons innervate the olfactory epithelium (Leinwand and Chalasani, 2011; Murthy, 2011; Takeuchi and Sakano, 2014). These tissues present in the turbinates of the nose act as platform for the olfactory neurons and undergo continuous regeneration. Given that olfactory bulbectomy has been shown to severely affect olfactory epithelium regeneration (Suzuki et al., 1998; Makino et al., 2009), we reasoned that this absence lorcaserin HCl inhibition of fully functional olfactory neurons would impact the status of OE in 0.005) further supporting the idea that this absence of immune cells may cause histological changes in olfactory neurons and an impairment of olfaction mainly in adult mice. Open in a separate window Physique 5 Decreased thickness and cellularity of the main olfactory epithelium of = 3.